Technique for studying arthropod and microbial communities within tree tissues.
Identifieur interne : 000193 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000192; suivant : 000194Technique for studying arthropod and microbial communities within tree tissues.
Auteurs : Nicholas C. Aflitto ; Richard W. Hofstetter [États-Unis] ; Reagan Mcguire ; David D. Dunn ; Kristen A. PotterSource :
- Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE [ 1940-087X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- microbiologie : Arbres, Phloème, Pinus.
- parasitologie : Arbres, Phloème, Pinus.
- Animaux, Arthropodes, Coléoptères, Environnement, Inclusion en paraffine, Écosystème.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- microbiology : Phloem, Pinus, Trees.
- parasitology : Phloem, Pinus, Trees.
- Animals, Arthropods, Coleoptera, Ecosystem, Environment, Paraffin Embedding.
Abstract
Phloem tissues of pine are habitats for many thousands of organisms. Arthropods and microbes use phloem and cambium tissues to seek mates, lay eggs, rear young, feed, or hide from natural enemies or harsh environmental conditions outside of the tree. Organisms that persist within the phloem habitat are difficult to observe given their location under bark. We provide a technique to preserve intact phloem and prepare it for experimentation with invertebrates and microorganisms. The apparatus is called a 'phloem sandwich' and allows for the introduction and observation of arthropods, microbes, and other organisms. This technique has resulted in a better understanding of the feeding behaviors, life-history traits, reproduction, development, and interactions of organisms within tree phloem. The strengths of this technique include the use of inexpensive materials, variability in sandwich size, flexibility to re-open the sandwich or introduce multiple organisms through drilled holes, and the preservation and maintenance of phloem integrity. The phloem sandwich is an excellent educational tool for scientific discovery in both K-12 science courses and university research laboratories.
DOI: 10.3791/50793
PubMed: 25489987
PubMed Central: PMC4354042
Affiliations:
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Hofstetter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University; rich.hofstetter@nau.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Forestry</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcguire, Reagan" sort="Mcguire, Reagan" uniqKey="Mcguire R" first="Reagan" last="Mcguire">Reagan Mcguire</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Northern Arizona University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, David D" sort="Dunn, David D" uniqKey="Dunn D" first="David D" last="Dunn">David D. Dunn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Acoustic Ecology Institute.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Acoustic Ecology Institute.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potter, Kristen A" sort="Potter, Kristen A" uniqKey="Potter K" first="Kristen A" last="Potter">Kristen A. 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Aflitto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Northern Arizona University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hofstetter, Richard W" sort="Hofstetter, Richard W" uniqKey="Hofstetter R" first="Richard W" last="Hofstetter">Richard W. Hofstetter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University; rich.hofstetter@nau.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Forestry</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcguire, Reagan" sort="Mcguire, Reagan" uniqKey="Mcguire R" first="Reagan" last="Mcguire">Reagan Mcguire</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Northern Arizona University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, David D" sort="Dunn, David D" uniqKey="Dunn D" first="David D" last="Dunn">David D. Dunn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Acoustic Ecology Institute.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Acoustic Ecology Institute.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potter, Kristen A" sort="Potter, Kristen A" uniqKey="Potter K" first="Kristen A" last="Potter">Kristen A. Potter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Northern Arizona University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</title><idno type="eISSN">1940-087X</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Arthropods (MeSH)</term><term>Coleoptera (MeSH)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Environment (MeSH)</term><term>Paraffin Embedding (MeSH)</term><term>Phloem (microbiology)</term><term>Phloem (parasitology)</term><term>Pinus (microbiology)</term><term>Pinus (parasitology)</term><term>Trees (microbiology)</term><term>Trees (parasitology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Arbres (microbiologie)</term><term>Arbres (parasitologie)</term><term>Arthropodes (MeSH)</term><term>Coléoptères (MeSH)</term><term>Environnement (MeSH)</term><term>Inclusion en paraffine (MeSH)</term><term>Phloème (microbiologie)</term><term>Phloème (parasitologie)</term><term>Pinus (microbiologie)</term><term>Pinus (parasitologie)</term><term>Écosystème (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arbres</term><term>Phloème</term><term>Pinus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Phloem</term><term>Pinus</term><term>Trees</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arbres</term><term>Phloème</term><term>Pinus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Phloem</term><term>Pinus</term><term>Trees</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Arthropods</term><term>Coleoptera</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Environment</term><term>Paraffin Embedding</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Arthropodes</term><term>Coléoptères</term><term>Environnement</term><term>Inclusion en paraffine</term><term>Écosystème</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Phloem tissues of pine are habitats for many thousands of organisms. Arthropods and microbes use phloem and cambium tissues to seek mates, lay eggs, rear young, feed, or hide from natural enemies or harsh environmental conditions outside of the tree. Organisms that persist within the phloem habitat are difficult to observe given their location under bark. We provide a technique to preserve intact phloem and prepare it for experimentation with invertebrates and microorganisms. The apparatus is called a 'phloem sandwich' and allows for the introduction and observation of arthropods, microbes, and other organisms. This technique has resulted in a better understanding of the feeding behaviors, life-history traits, reproduction, development, and interactions of organisms within tree phloem. The strengths of this technique include the use of inexpensive materials, variability in sandwich size, flexibility to re-open the sandwich or introduce multiple organisms through drilled holes, and the preservation and maintenance of phloem integrity. The phloem sandwich is an excellent educational tool for scientific discovery in both K-12 science courses and university research laboratories. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25489987</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>93</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Technique for studying arthropod and microbial communities within tree tissues.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e50793</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/50793</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Phloem tissues of pine are habitats for many thousands of organisms. Arthropods and microbes use phloem and cambium tissues to seek mates, lay eggs, rear young, feed, or hide from natural enemies or harsh environmental conditions outside of the tree. Organisms that persist within the phloem habitat are difficult to observe given their location under bark. We provide a technique to preserve intact phloem and prepare it for experimentation with invertebrates and microorganisms. The apparatus is called a 'phloem sandwich' and allows for the introduction and observation of arthropods, microbes, and other organisms. This technique has resulted in a better understanding of the feeding behaviors, life-history traits, reproduction, development, and interactions of organisms within tree phloem. The strengths of this technique include the use of inexpensive materials, variability in sandwich size, flexibility to re-open the sandwich or introduce multiple organisms through drilled holes, and the preservation and maintenance of phloem integrity. The phloem sandwich is an excellent educational tool for scientific discovery in both K-12 science courses and university research laboratories. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aflitto</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas C</ForeName><Initials>NC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hofstetter</LastName><ForeName>Richard W</ForeName><Initials>RW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University; rich.hofstetter@nau.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGuire</LastName><ForeName>Reagan</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dunn</LastName><ForeName>David D</ForeName><Initials>DD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Acoustic Ecology Institute.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Potter</LastName><ForeName>Kristen A</ForeName><Initials>KA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001181" MajorTopicYN="Y">Arthropods</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001517" MajorTopicYN="N">Coleoptera</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="N">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004777" MajorTopicYN="N">Environment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016612" MajorTopicYN="N">Paraffin Embedding</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052585" MajorTopicYN="N">Phloem</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D028223" MajorTopicYN="N">Pinus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014197" MajorTopicYN="N">Trees</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="Y">parasitology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25489987</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/50793</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4354042</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Environ Entomol. 2008 Aug;37(4):956-63</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18801261</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Jan;70(1):24-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24105962</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Entomol. 1997;42:179-206</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15012312</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Microb Ecol. 1981 Jun;7(2):131-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24227423</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Aflitto, Nicholas C" sort="Aflitto, Nicholas C" uniqKey="Aflitto N" first="Nicholas C" last="Aflitto">Nicholas C. Aflitto</name><name sortKey="Dunn, David D" sort="Dunn, David D" uniqKey="Dunn D" first="David D" last="Dunn">David D. Dunn</name><name sortKey="Mcguire, Reagan" sort="Mcguire, Reagan" uniqKey="Mcguire R" first="Reagan" last="Mcguire">Reagan Mcguire</name><name sortKey="Potter, Kristen A" sort="Potter, Kristen A" uniqKey="Potter K" first="Kristen A" last="Potter">Kristen A. Potter</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hofstetter, Richard W" sort="Hofstetter, Richard W" uniqKey="Hofstetter R" first="Richard W" last="Hofstetter">Richard W. Hofstetter</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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